Differences Between Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Hand

Hand arthritis is one of the most common reasons patients come to see us. Some people develop stiffness and swelling from years of wear and tear, while others face joint pain linked to an overactive immune system. These two forms of arthritis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, seem similar at first, but they actually have very different causes. 

When you come to Specialty Orthopaedics in Harrison, New York, you will see Dr. Valdet Nikci, our board-certified hand and upper extremity specialist. He will work with you to find relief that lasts.

Why They Can Feel the Same

Both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in the hand can cause aching pain, stiffness, and swelling. You might notice your grip is weaker than it used to be, or that simple tasks like opening jars, turning keys, or typing at a keyboard are harder. 

The joints of your fingers may look swollen, or you might feel a grinding sensation when you move them. These overlapping symptoms are why many patients feel unsure about which condition they have until they see a specialist.

Where the Conditions Differ

The biggest difference lies in the cause. 

Osteoarthritis happens when the cartilage that cushions your joints gradually wears away. It often develops with age, but past injuries, repetitive hand use, or even genetics can raise your risk. This type of arthritis often affects the base of the thumb or the finger joints.

Rheumatoid arthritis, on the other hand, is an autoimmune disease. Your immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of your joints, leading to inflammation that can damage cartilage and bone. Unlike osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis tends to affect both hands at the same time and may also cause fatigue and symptoms in other parts of your body. 

Why Diagnosis Matters

Because the underlying causes are different, the treatments are too. 

Osteoarthritis is usually managed first with conservative measures such as splints, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, or injections. In more advanced cases, surgery may be considered, including joint reconstruction or fusion. 

Rheumatoid arthritis often requires medications that calm the immune system, including biologics prescribed by a physician. 

Getting Help in Westchester County

If your hands are swollen, stiff, or painful, now is the time to seek professional care. At Specialty Orthopaedics in Harrison, NY, we’ll build a treatment plan around your needs. Call 914-686-0111 to book your appointment.